Predestination or Fate (Taqdeer) in Islam. Predestination is a necessary factor in the Islamic faith. In Islam, predestination or fate means that Allah is the one who has destined everything that is happening in this universe (to human beings and everything). Allah knows what is happening or what will happen in the earth and in the heaven. Nothing can happen without the knowing of Allah. We all should have the firm believe in predestination in order to have a good faith.
Predestination by types
There are two types of predestination. These are good predestination and bad predestination. We have to believe on both types. Good predestination is like good health, Faith, knowledge etc. In simple meanings, whatever is beneficial for a human is good predestination. Similarly, whatever is harmful to human, is bad predestination, for example sinning, ignorance, and sickness, shirk, etc. Whatever we do, we should have considered the consequences first and if we are on the right path, then we should follow that path till the end of our lives.
Question rose about predestination
There are a lot of questions asked regarding predestination. People ask if Allah knows everything then why He (Subhana Watala) will reward or punish for the obedient and disobedient. Is it His (Subhana Watala) intention to make someone obedient or disobedient? There is a Hadith regarding this question and we need to understand it clearly. “The creation of each one of you is gathered together in his mother’s belly for forty days in the form of a seed, and then he is a clot of blood for a like period. The angel is then sent to him to blow the breath of life into him. He is commanded to write down four matters: his means of livelihood, life-span, actions, and whether happy or unhappy.” [Related by Al-Bukhari and Muslim]
In explanation of the upper Hadith, it is clear that Allah has created a human and writes the fate even when it was in the womb of the mother. It means only that Allah knows the number of human beings in the earth.All the errors and guidelines are in the hand of Allah. He knows what every human is thinking, watching, seeing or hearing. It should be clear in our mind that Allah’s knowledge did not increase because of any event, but Allah knows
everything about the universe from Adam (A.S) till the judgment day and after that. This is the knowledge of Allah, but He (Subhana Watala) has given us all a free will to obey or disobey. It is us, who should be blamed for our deeds. So, it is clear that we make our fortune by following the path of our own choice.
Predestination in Quran
“God will establish in strength those who believe, with the Word that stands firm in this world and in the hereafter; but God will leave, to stray, those who do wrong: God does what He wills” [Surah Ibrahim, 14:27]
“Thus does God leave to stray such as transgress and live in doubt.” [Surah Al-Mu’min, 40:34]
“And those who strive in My (Cause), Iwill certainly guide them to My paths: for verily God is with those who do right.” [Surah Al-Ankabut, 29: 69] Source: tempemosque.com
Hadith
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
Allah (mighty and sublime be He) said: Pride is my cloak and greatness My robe, and he who competes with Me in respect of either of them I shall cast into Hell-fire. It was related by Abu Dawud (also by Ibn Majah and Ahmad) with sound chains of authority. This Hadith also appears in Muslim in another version.
